Tourism, Ecology and War: Neoliberal Aspects and Social Impacts

Abstract

This study examines the progression of tourism in Ukraine, highlighting the key challenges the industry faces amidst wartime conditions, while also addressing the environmental and social repercussions. Through an evaluation of revenue metrics, promising areas for tourism growth in Ukraine are identified. A shift in consumer tourism preferences has been observed, with increased demand in the central and western regions of the country due to the ongoing conflict. Projections from a forecasting model suggest a growing trend in tourist arrivals, indicating potential for greater tourism activity in the foreseeable future. Additionally, the fluctuation in the average wage in Ukraine is discussed, as it is seen as a key factor influencing tourism demand. The formulated forecast model indicates an upward trajectory, instilling optimism regarding the outlook for tourist consumption. This theory is confirmed by a stabilization of Ukraine’s Environmental Performance Index, demonstrating a trend towards improvement. It has been established that neoliberal policies, particularly in a regional context, promote the development of civil society in Ukraine. The comprehensive Human Development Index (HDI) data illustrate that nations transitioning from conflict to peace have made positive progress in this indicator over time. Furthermore, volunteer tourism emerges as a viable avenue to combine environmental and social aspects, offering a means to alleviate the adverse impacts of neoliberal tourism policies.