DEPENDENCE OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS FROM THE HEIGHT IN KHOLKA

Abstract

The results of research on the selection evaluation of the breeding qualities of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cows are presented, the analysis of the relationship between the milk productivity of first-born cows and the height at the withers, based on an economic evaluation, is presented. In recent decades, the global gene pool of the best breeds of cattle has been intensively used in Ukraine to improve the productive qualities of animals. In particular, when improving dairy cattle, the gene pool of the Holstein breed is most intensively used, with the level of milk productivity no other breed in the world can compete with. In the process of creating the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed, the use of Holsteins made it possible to improve the breeding and productive qualities of animals, and also contributed to the growth of genetic heterogeneity of cattle herds according to the heritability of the improving breed. The creation of new genotypes led to constant control over the external characteristics of animals and the nature of their connection with productive traits. For the successful use of animals in the conditions of intensive technologies, dairy cows should be distinguished by a strong body structure, a developed trunk, strong legs and correct arrangement of limbs, excellent morphological qualities of the udder. Animals that combine these traits, as a rule, are distinguished by higher milk yield and have better adaptability to breeding conditions. The object of research were: cow, Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed. The subject of the study was: live weight, body measurements, milk yield, reproductive capacity. Research was carried out in the conditions of FG "MOLNYTSKE" of Chernivtsi region, Hertsaiv district, in the village of Molnytsia. The main activity of the farm is: "Breeding of dairy cattle". A group of first-born cows of the black and spotted breed was formed for the purpose of research. The exterior type of dairy cows is the most important component of their constitution, its external manifestation, it is related to the productive qualities of animals. We have established that there is a certain relationship between the measurements of the body sexes of cows and their milk productivity. As a result of

the research, it was found that cows with a height at the withers of 134.1- had the highest milk productivity 137,0 см. A further increase in this indicator led to a decrease in milk yields and the amount of milk fat. The efficiency of dairy farming largely depends on the intensity of reproduction of the herd, which significantly affects both milk production and the rate of genetic progress of breeding traits and determines the profitability of the industry by 15–20%. It is common knowledge that the higher the genetic potential of cattle and the higher their productivity, the more problems with reproductive functions in cows.